Bahrainis were not demanding an end to the monarchy, but for more representation in their government.
One month into the uprising, Saudi Arabia sent military and police forces over the 16-mile causeway that connects the Saudi mainland to Bahrain, an island. Since then, the protesters, the press and human-rights organisations have suffered increasingly violent repression.
One courageous young Bahraini pro-democracy activist, Zainab al-Khawaja, has seen the brutality up close. To her horror, she watched her father, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, a prominent human-rights activist, be beaten and arrested. She described it to me from Manama:
*”Security forces attacked my home. They came in without prior warning. They broke down the building door, and they broke down our apartment door, and instantly attacked my father without giving him a chance to speak and without giving any reason for his arrest. They dragged my father down the stairs and started beating him in front of me. They beat him until he was unconscious. The last thing I heard my father say was that he couldn’t breathe. When I tried to intervene, when I tried to tell them: ‘Please to stop beating him. He will go with you voluntarily. You don’t need to beat him this way,’ they told me to shut up, basically, and they grabbed me … and dragged me up the stairs back into the apartment. By the time I had got out of the room again, the only trace of my father was his blood on the stairs.”*
Human Rights Watch has called for the immediate release of Khawaja. Zainab’s husband and brother-in-law have also been arrested. Tweeting as *”angryarabiya”* she has commenced a water-only fast in protest. She also has written a letter to President Barack Obama:
*”If anything happens to my father, my husband, my uncle, my brother-in-law, or to me, I hold you just as responsible as the Al-Khalifa regime. Your support for this monarchy makes your government a partner in crime. I still have hope that you will realise that freedom and human rights mean as much to a Bahraini person as it does to an American.”*
Obama condemned the Gaddafi government in his speech, justifying the recent military attacks in Libya, saying: *”Innocent people were targeted for killing. Hospitals and ambulances were attacked. Journalists were arrested.”* Now that the same things are happening in Bahrain, Obama has little to say.
As with the uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia, the sentiment is nationalist, not religious. The country is 70% Shia, ruled by the Sunni minority. Nevertheless, a central rallying cry of the protests has been *”Not Shia, Not Sunni: Bahraini”*. This debunks the argument used by the Bahraini government that the current regime is the best bulwark against increased influence of Iran, a Shia country, in the oil-rich Gulf. Add to that Bahrain’s strategic role: it is where the US navy’s fifth fleet is based, tasked with protecting *”US interests”* like the Strait of Hormuz and the Suez Canal, and supporting the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Surely, US interests include supporting democracy over despots.
Nabeel Rajab is the president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights – the organisation formerly run by the recently abducted Abdulhadi al-Khawaja. Rajab is facing a possible military trial for publishing the photograph of a protester who died in custody. Rajab told me: *”Hundreds of people are in jail for practising their freedom of expression. People are tortured for expressing their freedom of expression. Thousands of people sacked from their jobs … And all that, because one day, a month ago, almost half of the Bahraini population came out in the street demanding democracy and respect for human rights.”*
Rajab noted that democracy in Bahrain would lead to democracy in neighbouring Gulf dictatorships, especially Saudi Arabia, so most regional governments have a stake in crushing the protests. Saudi Arabia is well positioned for the task, as the recent beneficiary of the largest arms deal in US history. Despite the threats, Rajab was resolute: *”As far as I’m breathing, as far as I’m alive, I am going to continue. I believe in change. I believe in democracy. I believe in human rights. I’m willing to give my life. I’m willing to give anything to achieve this goal.”*
• Denis Moynihan contributed research to this column
